REGULATORY GUIDE

Stay fully compliant with England's short-term rental regulations. Everything you need to know about permits, taxes, and legal requirements.
Last updated:
September 3, 2025
United Kingdom
England
England
REGULATORY GUIDE

Stay fully compliant with England's short-term rental regulations. Everything you need to know about permits, taxes, and legal requirements.
Last updated:
September 3, 2025
United Kingdom
England
England

TL;DR

Rules

How to comply

Rules, Taxes & Penalties

Upcoming Changes

FAQs

GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)

No single legal threshold. Treated case-by-case under planning (C3→C1 ‘material change of use’). London’s 90-night cap is unique to Greater London.

Short-term lets are legal across England. Frequent whole-home letting of a C3 dwelling can amount to a material change of use (often to C1 or sui generis) and may need planning permission from the local planning authority. There’s no England-wide night cap (London’s 90-night limit is London-only). Report income to HMRC; if a place is available 140+ days and actually let 70+ days in a year it may move from Council Tax to Business Rates. Follow the national “small paying-guest accommodation” fire-safety guide.

Legality
Allowed nationally, but use of a dwelling as visitor accommodation can be a material change of use depending on intensity and impacts; LPAs decide case-by-case.
Night Cap
No national cap. London’s 90-night limit applies only in Greater London under the Deregulation Act 2015.
STR Register
No national STR register yet. Planning permission may be needed where guest use is a material change. Government has confirmed an England registration scheme is being delivered (phased rollout).
Risk
Frequent whole-home letting without planning clearance or poor fire-safety compliance can trigger enforcement, re-rating and significant penalties.

Key Rules at a Glance

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance
Requirement
What you need
Authority / Link
Cost / Time

Registration / Permit

No national STR register yet. Planning permission may be needed where guest use is a material change. Government has confirmed an England registration scheme is being delivered (phased rollout).

Max Nights

No national cap. London’s 90-night limit applies only in Greater London under the Deregulation Act 2015.

Planning / Zoning

Most non-major applications aim for a decision in about 8 weeks (13 weeks for major). Timelines vary by validation and consultation.

Fee
£
588
Plan for ~8 weeks to decision on non-major applications (subject to validation, consultee responses and any Further Information).

Safety & Insurance

Complete a fire-risk assessment and follow the national “small paying-guest accommodation” guide; maintain alarms and firefighting equipment; keep records. The Fire Safety Order applies to paying-guest premises.

Tax

Income tax via HMRC. Business rates if available 140+ days & let 70+; else Council Tax. Rent-a-Room £7,500 (main home). Councils may charge up to 100% second-home premium from Apr 2025. FHL abolished 6 Apr 2025.

Step-by-Step: How to comply

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance
1

Material change of use risk from C3 to serviced accommodation/C1 (or sui generis) when operated as frequent whole-home short-stay accommodation. Apply to the LPA if advised. Most non-major applications aim for a decision in about 8 weeks (13 weeks for major). Timelines vary by validation and consultation.

2

Apply if required. Planning application (fee ~£588). Indicative starting point for relevant change-of-use applications from 1 April 2025 is around £588 (see Planning Portal fee table); exact fee depends on category.

3

Income tax via HMRC. Business rates if available 140+ days & let 70+; else Council Tax. Rent-a-Room £7,500 (main home). Councils may charge up to 100% second-home premium from Apr 2025. FHL abolished 6 Apr 2025.

4

Complete a fire-risk assessment and follow the national “small paying-guest accommodation” guide; maintain alarms and firefighting equipment; keep records. The Fire Safety Order applies to paying-guest premises.

Your Short-Term Rental Compliance Guide

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance

Enjoy hassle-free hosting with Houst

  • Income tax: Declare profits to HMRC. The Furnished Holiday Let (FHL) regime is abolished from 6 Apr 2025 (1 Apr 2025 for Corporation Tax). Holiday lets are taxed like other property income.
  • Business rates vs Council Tax: A whole-home STR is on VOA business rates if it’s available 140+ days and actually let 70+ days in the prior year; otherwise it stays on Council Tax. You may qualify for Small Business Rate Relief.
  • Second homes premium: From 1 Apr 2025, English councils can apply up to 100% Council Tax premium on furnished second homes (local exemptions apply).
  • Rent-a-Room (main home only): Up to £7,500 tax-free when letting a furnished room in your only or main home (shared → £3,750 each). Not for whole-home STRs.
  • Business rates for self-catering & holiday lets (Gov.uk)

    Edge Cases & Exemptions

    • Article 4 Directions or conservation/heritage overlays can remove permitted development rights or add requirements.

    • Apartment buildings may have lease/management rules that prohibit STR.

    • Business-rates reclassification can be back-dated after inspection.

    • Management plans for parking, noise and waste are common conditions where planning consent is granted.

    Penalties & Enforcement

    • Fire Safety Order: serious breaches can lead to unlimited fines and/or imprisonment, plus prohibition/enforcement notices.

    • Smoke/CO alarms: failure to comply with a remedial notice can attract civil penalties up to £5,000 per notice.

    • Planning: breach can lead to enforcement notices and prosecution; rates may be back-dated if re-rated as self-catering.

    Fire Safety Order offences can attract unlimited fines and/or up to 2 years’ imprisonment. Smoke/CO alarm breaches can attract civil penalties up to £5,000 per remedial notice.

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    GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)

    No single legal threshold. Treated case-by-case under planning (C3→C1 ‘material change of use’). London’s 90-night cap is unique to Greater London.

    Do I need planning permission in England?
    Is there a night cap or 90-day limit in England?
    Do I need to register or get a permit?
    What taxes do I need to pay for short-term lets?
    What safety requirements do short-term lets need to meet in England?

    Tools & Resources

    Planning Guidance
    Planning Portal — Do I need planning permission?
    Fire Safety Guidance
    GOV.UK — Small paying-guest accommodation fire safety
    Tourist/Local Tax Guidance
    Business rates for self-catering & holiday lets (Gov.uk)
    National Safety Guidance
    Home Office: Small Paying-Guest Accommodation (fire safety)
    National Tax Guidance
    GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)
    Regional Safety Guidance

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    This guide is informational and not legal advice. Always confirm with

    Local Planning Authority (district/borough/unitary council); Local Fire & Rescue Service; Local Housing Authority (alarms).

    your local authority.