REGULATORY GUIDE

Stay fully compliant with United Kingdom's short-term rental regulations. Everything you need to know about permits, taxes, and legal requirements.
Last updated:
September 3, 2025
United Kingdom
England
United Kingdom
REGULATORY GUIDE

Stay fully compliant with United Kingdom's short-term rental regulations. Everything you need to know about permits, taxes, and legal requirements.
Last updated:
September 3, 2025
United Kingdom
England
United Kingdom

TL;DR

Rules

How to comply

Rules, Taxes & Penalties

Upcoming Changes

FAQs

GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)

No single legal threshold. Treated case-by-case under planning (C3→C1 ‘material change of use’). London’s 90-night cap is unique to Greater London.

Short-term letting is legal in the UK, but rules differ by nation and city. There is no UK-wide register or night cap. London alone has a statutory 90-night limit per calendar year unless planning permission is granted. Scotland runs a mandatory short-term let licensing scheme and some areas (e.g. Edinburgh) also require planning permission for secondary lets. Wales has created new planning use classes for short-term lets and is preparing a national register and optional local visitor levy. Northern Ireland requires tourist accommodation to be certified by Tourism NI before trading. Keep to national fire-safety guidance for small paying-guest accommodation and meet tax/VAT obligations.

Legality
Allowed UK-wide, subject to devolved national rules and local planning/management controls.
Night Cap
None UK-wide. London only: 90 nights per calendar year without planning permission.
STR Register
No UK-wide register. England/Wales: planning controls are local; London has a 90-night planning limit. Scotland: a licence is mandatory for all short-term lets. Wales: national register and visitor-levy powers approved (roll-out from 2026/2027). Northern Ireland: Tourism NI certification is mandatory for tourist accommodation.
Risk
Operating without required licence/certification or planning permission, or ignoring safety/tax duties, can lead to fines, enforcement notices, suspensions and criminal prosecution.

Key Rules at a Glance

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance
Requirement
What you need
Authority / Link
Cost / Time

Registration / Permit

No UK-wide register. England/Wales: planning controls are local; London has a 90-night planning limit. Scotland: a licence is mandatory for all short-term lets. Wales: national register and visitor-levy powers approved (roll-out from 2026/2027). Northern Ireland: Tourism NI certification is mandatory for tourist accommodation.

Max Nights

None UK-wide. London only: 90 nights per calendar year without planning permission.

Planning / Zoning

If a planning application is required, allow several weeks to months depending on completeness, whether the case is notified/contested and local workloads.

Fee
£
Varies by nation and council. Scotland licensing and NI certification have defined local processes; planning decisions typically take several weeks (non-notified) to months (notified/contested).

Safety & Insurance

Follow the official “small paying-guest-accommodation” fire-safety guidance: complete a suitable fire-risk assessment, install and maintain smoke/CO detection, provide escape information and keep records; larger/complex premises follow the sleeping-accommodation guide.

Tax

Income tax via HMRC. Business rates if available 140+ days & let 70+; else Council Tax. Rent-a-Room £7,500 (main home). Councils may charge up to 100% second-home premium from Apr 2025. FHL abolished 6 Apr 2025.

Step-by-Step: How to comply

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance
1

Planning is devolved. England/Wales: local planning controls; London uniquely limits short-term letting to 90 nights without permission. Scotland: planning may also be needed (e.g., Edinburgh control area for secondary lets) alongside licensing. NI: planning applies alongside Tourism NI certification where relevant. If a planning application is required, allow several weeks to months depending on completeness, whether the case is notified/contested and local workloads.

2

Apply if required. Planning application (fee ~£). No single UK fee. Scotland: licence fees set by each council. Wales: national register/levy systems are being implemented (timelines/charges to follow). England: no national register as at Sept 2025 (planning fees apply where permission is required). Northern Ireland: Tourism NI certification fees apply.

3

Income tax via HMRC. Business rates if available 140+ days & let 70+; else Council Tax. Rent-a-Room £7,500 (main home). Councils may charge up to 100% second-home premium from Apr 2025. FHL abolished 6 Apr 2025.

4

Follow the official “small paying-guest-accommodation” fire-safety guidance: complete a suitable fire-risk assessment, install and maintain smoke/CO detection, provide escape information and keep records; larger/complex premises follow the sleeping-accommodation guide.

Your Short-Term Rental Compliance Guide

Overview of requirements, authorities, and costs for short-term rental compliance

Enjoy hassle-free hosting with Houst

  • Income tax: Declare profits to HMRC. The Furnished Holiday Let (FHL) regime is abolished from 6 Apr 2025 (1 Apr 2025 for Corporation Tax). Holiday lets are taxed like other property income.
  • Business rates vs Council Tax: A whole-home STR is on VOA business rates if it’s available 140+ days and actually let 70+ days in the prior year; otherwise it stays on Council Tax. You may qualify for Small Business Rate Relief.
  • Second homes premium: From 1 Apr 2025, English councils can apply up to 100% Council Tax premium on furnished second homes (local exemptions apply).
  • Rent-a-Room (main home only): Up to £7,500 tax-free when letting a furnished room in your only or main home (shared → £3,750 each). Not for whole-home STRs.
  • Business rates for self-catering & holiday lets (Gov.uk)

    Edge Cases & Exemptions

    • London: statutory 90-night limit per calendar year without planning permission.

    • Scotland: Edinburgh is a city-wide Short-term Let Control Area—secondary lets typically require planning permission in addition to licensing.

    • Wales: new C5/C6 use classes enable councils to manage short-term lets; Article 4 Directions may restrict permitted changes of use locally.

    • Northern Ireland: you must be Tourism NI-certified before advertising or taking bookings for tourist accommodation.

    Penalties & Enforcement

    • Scotland: it is a criminal offence to operate without a licence; fines up to £2,500; councils can refuse/suspend/revoke licences.

    • England/Wales: breach of planning control or fire-safety law can lead to enforcement notices and prosecution with unlimited fines.

    • Northern Ireland: operating without Tourism NI certification can lead to fines and/or imprisonment; inspections occur on certification and renewal cycles.

    Varies. Examples: Scotland—up to £2,500 for operating without a licence; England/Wales—planning or fire-safety prosecutions can attract unlimited fines; Northern Ireland—un-certified tourist accommodation up to £2,500 and/or 6 months’ imprisonment.

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    GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)

    No single legal threshold. Treated case-by-case under planning (C3→C1 ‘material change of use’). London’s 90-night cap is unique to Greater London.

    Do I need planning permission in United Kingdom?
    Is there a night cap or 90-day limit in United Kingdom?
    Do I need to register or get a permit?
    What taxes do I need to pay for short-term lets?
    What safety requirements do short-term lets need to meet in United Kingdom?

    Tools & Resources

    Planning Guidance
    GOV.UK — Planning permission: when you need it (England & Wales overview)
    Fire Safety Guidance
    GOV.UK — Fire safety for small paying-guest accommodation
    Tourist/Local Tax Guidance
    Business rates for self-catering & holiday lets (Gov.uk)
    National Safety Guidance
    Home Office: Small Paying-Guest Accommodation (fire safety)
    National Tax Guidance
    GOV.UK: Self-catering & holiday let (Business Rates)
    Regional Safety Guidance

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